Or to put it another way, about 1 in 15 people have O negative blood. If you have 0 negative blood, you have something in common with about 7 percent of the US population. This article was adapted from Academy website content and reviewed by the following experts: Professor David O.People with O negative blood often wonder how rare their blood is since it is always in demand by hospitals and blood centers. Other blood groups that are likely to cause transfusion reactions include the blood types MNS, Kell, Kid and Duffy. ABO antibodies, for example, are pretty much always clinically significant. So, although there are 36 recognised blood group systems in total, there are only certain types that doctors and patients need to be careful about when it comes to blood transfusions. Interestingly, for reasons that aren’t well understood by scientists, not all ‘foreign’ antigens are equally likely to be targeted for destruction by antibodies. When Rh null individuals need major surgery, it can be challenging to make sure doctors have a supply of donated Rh null blood available on standby. Its rarity means that donations of Rh null are incredibly scarce and difficult to obtain when an Rh null individual needs a blood transfusion, relying on the cooperation of a small network of regular Rh null donors around the world to ensure this blood type is always available when needed. It was first discovered in an Aboriginal Australian and is extremely rare, with fewer than 50 individuals known to have Rh null blood in the 50 years after its discovery. People with this blood type have a complete absence of any of the Rh antigens. One of the rarest blood types in the world is Rh null, sometimes referred to as ‘ golden blood’. Because the same thing that happens in pregnancy or transfusion with incompatible Rh types can occur with SARA, correct typing and matching are very important. A very rare antigen, only two families in the world are known to have it. The SARA antigen has now been officially recognised by the International Society for Blood Transfusion. They had attacked the baby’s cells, which were SARA positive. Testing showed that the mother’s blood was SARA negative-with anti-SARA antibodies. They suspected it might be related to the rare SARA antigen. Twenty years later, Canadian Blood Services sent the Australian organisation blood from the family of a Canadian baby who had required a massive blood transfusion at birth. Some of Sarah’s unusual blood was frozen and stored. For example, in the 1990s, researchers at the Australian Red Cross Blood Service discovered something interesting about the blood cells of donor Sarah Culhane-they had an antigen on them that had never been seen before. One of the rarest blood types in the world is Rh null, sometimes referred to as ‘golden blood'Ĭonversely, if your blood has a rare antigen and is introduced into the body of a patient without it, it will be recognised as foreign. An example is the Jk system, where most people have Jka and/or Jkb types, but some people lack a and b and are a rare Jka–b– type. If you receive a transfusion of ‘ordinary’ blood which has that common antigen, it will be recognised as foreign, triggering an immune response with potentially catastrophic results. Say your blood lacks an antigen which is present on the red cells of the majority of the population. You have a ‘rare’ blood type if your blood is missing an antigen which is common to most people, or if it has an antigen which most people don’t have. For example, you may have AB blood in the ABO blood group system, be Rh positive in the Rh system, as well as being K positive in the Kell system, and so on. There are hundreds of different antigens across more than 36 blood group systems that may be present on our red blood cells. But those are just the most common categories-what about the rest? What about people with ‘rare’ blood who don’t fit into any of these categories, thanks to uncommon combinations (or absences) of certain antigens? You may already know your blood type: whether it’s A, B, AB or O, and whether it’s positive or negative.
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